SHIPPING FINANCE , MANAGEMENT AND LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

SHIPPING FINANCE , MANAGEMENT AND LAW - Essay Example126). The alliance ignores the accompaniment that clients prefer fuel-efficient vehicles. The problem relates closely with lack of innovation in the company. The management does not sacrifice structures in place to encourage and embrace innovation form from employees (Eichhorn, 1997, p. 28). The situation remains unique considering the fact that other competitors give special attention to innovation.5Gas and oil remain expensive with no signs of prices coming down because of the increasing stability in the producing zone in Asia and other parts of northward Africa. Consumers now prefer smaller cars, yet Chrysler does not major in their production. In addition, Chrysler does not make up an established international network to sell its products abroad. The biggest market is domestic (Mullaney, 2007, p. 4).9Statistics shows that sales continue to worsen from 2008 where the company recorded a 22 percent drop in auto sales. Furthe rmore, the price of vane continues to rise steeply. Reports from the consumer survey agencies ranked Chrysler one of the fifteen countries with the worst quality. The other threat emanated from the decision by Daimler-Benz, a German automobile company acquiring Chrysler in 1998 developing a new company dubbed DaimlerChrysler (Silva-Risso, 2008, 19). The aim was to develop a new plan of action that focuses on improved product quality, burst design, and higher productivity. The two companies wanted to achieve these through sharing parts and design models (Ebling, 2001, p. 72). By the close of the 2006 trading period, the performance of the company disappointed shareholders with the shares falling to ten percent. The fall generated from a threat real by the company by choosing on a manager without the qualities of managing the company in the current present-day(a) market. Poor and obsolete shape of the factory adds to the poor quality of the products and lack of innovation at the company. The chief operating officer failed to bring together a

Drilling fluid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Drilling quiet - judge ExampleThe mud likewise provides hydrostatic haul to balance the formation pressure resulting from the formation fluids in the borehole that if uncontrolled might lead to blowout. The mud is also used in transmitting hydraulic horsepower from the surface to the boring bit and power the measurement and logging while drilling tools. The choice of drilling mud is determined by the drilling operation to be done, and its properties should be such that it prevents back pressure and blow outs within the minimum costs as possible. (Committee, 2004, pp. 15-19) Drilling fluids are classified into three major types like water, oil, and pneumatic based fluids. The three major types are further classified depending on the purpose, chemicals added fluid physical bodys, alkalinity and dispersion.Water based muds have four frames which include water, Active colloidal solids, Inert solids and Chemicals. The water phase or continuous provides the initial viscosity which i s modified to achieve the required fuse properties. The water phase also suspends the active colloidal solids and the squashy solids. A sample of colloidal solid present is the Bentotite, and that of an inert solid is the Berite. Bentonite, which is a clay provides just sufficient viscosity for carrying the fragments to the surface. Baruim Sulfate increases the weight of the column for borehole stabilization. blistering soda and other ingredients are added to increase the alkalinity and reduce corrosion. Salts such as Potassium chloride are also added to prevent water from infiltrating the rock formation. Clay is added to water based fluids to increase their density, yield point, gel strength, viscosity and to minimize fluid loss. The clays added are classified as Montmorillonites or bentonite, Kaolinites, and Illites. The chemicals are also added to improve the flow properties and are listed as Thinners, Dispersants and Deflocculants. (Caenn, 2011, pp. 538-542)Based on the dispe rsion, water

Managing Financial Resources in Health and Social Care Essay

Managing Financial Resources in wellness and Social Care - Essay ExampleThe essay presents how various aspects of financial resources should be managed in wellness and social care. It is the responsibility of the management to ensurethat funding is available to meet the daily needs of the organization. In the occasion of events, finance may be needed in order to invest in equipment stocks, pay employees, equipment and put up for sales made on credit. If not well taken care of, sources of finance may curio up dry this may make an institution to be in financial jeopardy. Financial domination plays a critical role in helping the business meets its objectives.As a manager, my role is to ensure that only these are achieved. Financial shortfalls arise when an organization cannot pay its bills on time due to lack of cash. As a manager I have been oriented to be proactive about financial shortfalls small-arm upholding an account for contingency all the time. Through review of BUPAs cas h flow for the last cardinal months, the gild is capable to determine the cash flow in terms of expenditure and income this aids the community in reserving cash needed for purposes of expenditure for the subsequent six months. After realizing the comp whatsoevers assets, the company has a well-planned schedule on how to pay its suppliers to avoid conflicts with respective suppliers. The company also encourages early payments from the guest by offering discounts on such payments this increases the chances of early cash availability. Payment of suppliers on a schedule basis helps the company to avoid shortfalls since suppliers get their due especially when the funds are available. Fraud is an self-evident threat to organizations resources and therefore must be a concern to all employers and employees indoors a specific jurisdiction (Petrucelli 2002). In the event of fraud, managers are expected to set good drill by conforming fully to procedures and controls. As a manger, quick action is necessary to avoid any further loss bearing in mind that this is just an allegation and until the outcome of investigation is determined. proceeding and preservation of evidence to a safe place or location is vital where practicable. Both cozy auditor and director of finance are supposed to be notified. Prompt and vigorous investigation should be carried out after that, report findings should be forwarded to both internal auditor and director of finance. If possible ask with the appropriate departments concerned or involved. Notification to security agents should be carried out by the manager following(a) consultation with the executives of the BUPA at National Director Level. As some may put it, coming up with a reckon may be easy, sticking to it is the hard part. A well planned budget has little no impact without willpower and close monitoring (Amey 1979). A system for recording expenses and producing reports should be in place. As a manger, insisting on regular mo nitoring reports is way of ensuring that whatever was project in the budgets is followed to the latter. Through monitoring reports, it makes it easy to determine actual spending at a feature period of the month compared to what was projected in the budget. The level of expenditure should be documented and clear reports drawn from them the concerned departments should be informed so as to get their input on the same. The audit commissioning should review the reports. After conclusion, there should be immediate action taken

Bmw Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bmw - leaven ExampleFrom the marketing side three developments make the need for information greater now than in the past global marketing, the customer-oriented marketing approach and the nonprice competition.Information transforms the financial decisions governed by the numbers into business decisions ground on the probability of alternative strategic assumptions thus it requires that the business has formulated a dodge and this strategy and its assumptions are challenged. Therefore, the organization needs to continuously innovate in order to remain and become antagonistic.The focus requires sales entropy especially up-to-the minute reports on current sales. It needs to consume accurate data on stock levels of products, it needs information on customer profiles (financial and personal data), on marketing expenditure, on customers perception about the company and its products, on industry sales and market shares, on staffs training needs, on financial aspects of the company (de bts, loans, cash-flow, budgeting etc.), on R&D and on production crease requirements.The BMW Group follows the efficient dynamics strategy i.e. the environmental friendly car production and the customer orientation. give thanks to the use of flexible working methods and working-time accounts, the BMW Group directs its production capacities highly efficiently to changes in demand on the various sales markets.Identify an example of each of strategic, tactical and operational decisions which might be/have been taken by your chosen business. Explain why these decisions are respectively strategic, tactical and operational. 18 labelNumber ONEexpresses our claim to leadership, its letters O, N and E stand for Opportunities, New and Efficiency we loss to make the most of new opportunities and achieve new levels of efficiency. Essentially, the name Number ONE stands for everything we do in relation

Norse vs. Greek Mythology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Norse vs. Greek Mythology - Essay ExampleA comparison of existence myths after part be very enlightening regarding the values and needs of the people who hold it. Two major cultures that had a great deal in common regarding their creation myths despite great differences in climate were the Greeks and the Norse.Overall, the creation myths and deity structure of the Greeks and the Norse served to place importance on the same basic elements of life. Both societies held a strong belief in the idea of fate. This concept was represented in both cultures by 3 female deities. In Norse mythology, these women were called the Norns and were considered demi-goddesses. They also had individual names including Urd (fate), Verdandi (necessity) and Skuld (being) (Linde humannesss, 1998). Together, they had the primary duty of caring for Yggdrasil, the serviceman tree, which connected all the worlds together, but they also assisted with childbirth and helped determine the course of a mortals lif e path. The Greeks called their corresponding demi-goddesses the Fates and these women were more directly linked with the lives of men. Their individual names were Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos (Saunders, 2009). Clotho spun the thread of life, so she was associated with birth and beginnings. The length of the yarn Clotho spun was decided by Lachesis and thus measured the path of a mans life. However, it was up to Atropos to make the final cut that ended that life. Although the Norns and the Fates are considered lesser goddesses in both cultures, they are each given power over everything that exists and thus are considered a part of the venerable scheme of creation. This importance can be seen in the myths of these cultures such as in the Voluspa in which the Norns baffle to Earth for the betterment of mankind and in the plays produced in Greece as characters.

Saudi Airline Served Donkey Meat Research Paper

Saudi Airline Served domestic ass Meat - Research Paper ExampleIt has been revealed by m whatever sources that Saudi Airline had been serving donkey snapper during their flights in the past few months. 2. Reality Behind the Incident 2.1 Ignored Warnings from a local anesthetic Body In the month of June 2011, several sources reported that Saudi Airline had been serving donkey vegetable marrow to their guests as a result of negligence to the warnings given by concerned authorities. A senior tester at the Saudi Airlines supply department said that the airlines had received many warnings from Saudi Arabias popular Food and Drugs Authority about their imports from Tunisia since the individual country was suffering from contagious diseases among their cattle (Donkey center field on Saudi Arabian airline?). The warnings also included aspects about the common sale of donkey and horse pith in the Arab country but the Saudi Airlines management did non pay circumspection to any of t hese warnings and reports. The senior inspector further said that these warnings made the airline stop importing meat from Tunisia when it had already been served to their customers for nearly a month. However, Chusid stated that the donkey meat was being served as beef and it continue for more than a single month. Alongside the possibility of it being donkey meat, the presence of diseased meat in Tunisia also did not alarm the authorities to stop the supply of the meat on an imperative posterior. He stated that one of the reasons for such a late reaction can be the rugged damage for which the meat was being bought. One factor that may have led to the lowering price of the meat was that the meat was near its expiration dates. Therefore, it can be stated that low priced meat was best-loved by the management irrespective of the animal it came from. Lesser expense on the purchase of food powerfulness have increased their revenues but can certainly cause a crash in their customer l oyalty. 2.2 Unexpected Behavior from a 3-Star Airline Saudi Airlines is a 3-Star airline (The Worlds 3-Star Airlines). As per the standards of SkyTrax that has been set to provide rating for different airlines, 3-Star airlines provide satisfactory standard of mission critical function in numerous travel categories. Food is one of the most important categories in the rating of any airline. Donkey meat is not expected to be served by any airline and definitely not from a 3-Star one as it is expected to meet certain criteria. Customers avail the services of airlines on the basis of their ratings such irresponsible and appalling behavior from a 3-Star airline makes the customers doubt the credibility of the ratings, along with the respective airline. Chusid stated that it could not be known from the reporting of the local newspapers if it was served to the business class, the economy class or both. 2.3 Prohibition to Eat Donkey Meat in the Countrys Religion Saudi Airlines is possess b y Muslims and is considered to be flag carrier airline of a Muslim country, Saudi Arabia. Muslims follow the theology of Islam Islam has allowed some foods, whereas some types of foods are require for its followers. Donkey meat is considered to be forbidden to be eaten by Muslims (The Fiqh of Halal and Haram Animals). Their Holy Book of Quran states that these animals are designated for being ridden on, not for consumption. The usage of a forbidden meat in an airline of Muslim origin

Advertising features Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Advertising features - Essay Exampleconsciousness of customers. In order to enhance the alertness of the customers regarding the several(a) amenities, it is apt to hire an external advertising agency for the progress of the activities. It can improve the growth and commercialize sh are of the business thereby enhancing revenue and position of Doggie Dip and Do. Recommendations There are many external advertising agencies but as Doggie Dip and Do is a impertinently opened outlet, print advertising media might be more beneficial for it. This would include newspaper or magazines in order to promote the benefits. This is because if other media such as broadcasting media, outdoor advertising or customary service advertising is used then it would be quite a expensive for you at this initial stage. Hence, it might not be retained by you for longer terms which may again tinge the growth prospects of the business as well as impede the defacement image and awareness of the products am ong the competitors in the marketplace. However, for this type of business, it is essential to retain the external advertising agencies as it would provide unlike innovative ideas and plans for the promotion of the products or services of Doggie Dip and Do. ... e newspaper or the magazine, the requisite cost in both cases based on preference of the place of advertisement, special editorial column related to pets, public reach, pinpoint targeting, short deadlines for preparation of the advertisements, extensive market coverage, tech support such as toll-free numbers and emails and dissemination frequency. If any above stated external agency such as newspaper or magazine fulfils these criteria then it can be selected for promotion (Patsula Media, 2001). The newspaper or magazines are necessitate by all age groups so it might attract the attentions of the pet loving individuals. This would augment the brand awareness, brand identity element and potency of Doggie Dip and Do among others in the market. It would also improve the market position and the revenue of Doggie Dip and Do (Department of Science and Technology, 2005). Moreover, the cost incurrence may be quite less as compared to other advertising media, which would be extremely beneficial for Doggie Dip and Do. Apart from this, the other vital factor which can be considered is public reach. This would improve the brand identity of Doggie Dip and Do (Missouri Department of Transportation, 2012). In addition, distribution channels, customer demand and market coverage are also other vital aspects which might be beneficial. In addition, availability is the other fundamental factor which might be viable for the promotion of Doggie Dip and Do (Clow, 2007). Besides, display of various pictures along with information in the newspapers or magazines can also attract customers. Hence, it can be substantiate that the feasible options for promotions of Doggie Dip and Do are newspapers or magazines due to the abo ve discussed factors (Engeseth, 2006). Proper distribution

Marketing Plan for an Online MBA Program Case Study

foodstuffing curriculum for an Online MBA Program - Case Study ExampleFor instance, a student will not be equal to have a class-room or a face to face experience with his/her faculties and could in addition miss by on those regular industrial trips.Apart from discussing the marketing plan, the other main focus of this report is to interpret the advantages of an online-MBA program over an on-site program. To begin, an overview of the Kaplan University are discussed followed by the description of the target markets, competitors, product and services, location, pricing dodging and finally the report concludes with the implementation plan of an online MBA program and a summary.An online-MBA program is ideal for professionals who wish to tide in their careers but rear endnot afford to obey a full time course. According to the Manya Group, wholeness can acquire an MBA degree through the mode of distance learning where the interaction with the faculty is almost virtual, with the precaution of communication technologies like the internet, email and video conferencing. Kaplan University is one of the many universities which provide online educational programs for those who wish to pursue their masters degree but do not have sufficient time to attend traditional courses.Kaplan University was founded in 1937 and was formally known as Kaplan College (Kaplan College Reviews). Kaplan University offers top class business education and training for their students and offers more than ccc online Bachelor degree, certificate and diploma programs. According to their official website, Kaplan University focuses on adding a human touch to the juicy technology of learning online.The next few pages would describe the Marketing intent for Kaplan Universitys online MBA program.A marketing plan is a written document that details the necessary actions to achieve one or more marketing objectives (Marketing Plan - Wikipedia, online source). Description of the Target Market Mar kets can be segmented using a lot of approaches which would embarrass Demographic, socio-economic and psychographic approaches (Adrian Palmer, 2004). According to Adrian Palmer (2004), age is probably one of the most widely used bases for market segmentation. The Target Market for the online MBA course at Kaplan University would be for working professionals, students and even housewives who wish to pursue higher education between the age group of 22 to 60. According to U.S News and World Report, about 50% of current graduate students are over age 30 and nearly 25% are over 40 (Michael Hergert). material body 1 shows the marketing Ps and centralization of the target marketWays of targeting people for enrollment With the sexual climax of the internet, e-mail has become an efficient and the cheapest way of targeting a lot of people towards your company but one must be careful of spamming as this could also lead to junk mails (Adrian Palmer, 2004). E-mails can be move out to these t argeted groups informing about the online MBA courses available to them by offering concessions on fees and added advantages of an online educational experience. Other methods could also be done by using radio broadcasts

Argument Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Argument proposal of marriage - Essay ExampleSometimes inequality of race and color involves people getting roughly intervention unfavorably just because he or she had to marry or married to some persons of certain races or color. Sometimes it happens when the person with the raced-based organization is to some extent relating with people of some color. The worse include diversity that does occur when the person who imposed the discrimination and the victim do have the same race or color.In the book of one amazing thing, Divakaruni demonstrate some racial discrimination she has had to prevail in the matter of marriage. For instance, Malathi in the story unfold the conversation of Ravi and Nirmila. Ravi is the one son of Mrs. Balan, who is a hair styler of Lolas parlor, in which case Malathi joins as the beautician. Nirmala, who is a servant maid with whom Ravi exchanges kisses. Unfortunately, his mother gets them red-handed. It is at this smudge that Ravi threatens his mother. T he Threat is that he will flee back to America if she goes ahead to fire Nirmala from her Job. Mrs. Balan had to permit Nirmala to stay. When Mr. Balan had to communicate Ravi secretly whether he wants to have some settlement with Nirmala in a flat for her to visit without disrupting abide peace, Ravi had to say that he had none intention to take advantage of her. In addition, there is the demonstration of Naina, in which case she had to insist on her parents that she would marry none apart from Mangalam. Nainas father had hopes that Mangalam would keep Naina happy. However, Naina becomes some dominating wife and do non respect Mangalams parents, and hence, she showed some discrimination (Divakaruni).In my opinion, discrimination in any form of banking, housing, employment, business among others is illegal, and hence, it is against the law. Many societies in the current world do not approve discrimination that bases the gender or race. They consider the words

Four ways of evangelism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Four ways of evangelism - Research Paper display caseA conclusion is derived upon which two methods are chosen which I believe is the best method to hold to non-believers in my life. Evangelism, in this study, is defined as the zealous preaching and dissemination of the gospel as through missionary work. 1. A non-believer is described as someone who lacks belief or faith, as in god, religion, an judgment or an undertaking. Zoll 2 revealed in his study that there many Americans today are non-believers, or stir no religion. In a wide range study done on American sacred life, Zolls study showed that the percentage of Roman Catholic believers work been declining, while the percentage of those who said they have no religion at all is increasing. In the same way, the percentage of Christians who are non Catholics suffered too a decline. According to Zoll, there are 57 million Catholics in the US today, but its tribe has declined by percentage point to 25 percent. In 2008, Zoll re ported that there is also a dwindling away rank of mainline Protestants including Methodists, Lutherans and Episcopalians that dropped from over 17 percent to 12.9 percent of its population. Four methods of evangelism What then are the some appropriate evangelization methods to bring back or convert these non-believers to the Catholic fold or to other title? Is it the evangelism explosion, lifestyle explosion, friendship evangelism or the servant evangelism? a. Evangelism Explosion If one chooses Evangelism Explosion, one experiences the concept of spiritual extension. In Evangelism Explosion, batch are trained how to share their faith in Christ. This approach uses prayer, actual on the job training where the experienced lead the inexperienced, and applies the principle of spiritual multiplication. The EE is a continuous fulfil wherein it is not only winning passel to the Lord on a one on one process but training those who have been won to the Lord to win and train others. EE is like macrocosm on an real life work experience as one is expected to have an on the job training wherein non believers are invited to go with experienced trainers and be able to witness situations wherein people register how to share their faith. EE based their mission strategy on Jesus own strategy wherein He trained 12 disciples and taught them how to train others and so on, thus the theory of spiritual multiplicity started. 3 The proceeds of this approach is that EE believes that by learning small parts of the Gospel each week, including Bible verses and illustrations, people will have a hold of the Gospel tool that will eventually become its lifelong mission The difficulty I see in this approach is in doing the outreach or getting to the people one wants to convince. Often enough, non believers are steadfast in their attitude and do not welcome evangelists in their home or area. I relate this from my own experience from a group of foreign evangelists who knocked on my doo r one day wanting to talk to me about the gospel and Christian Faith. I did not let them in, first because I could not readily understood the way they communicate, second, I was so in use(p) with something else at that time. So they just left me with some literatures about religion that I could read afterward on. So here, communication, time and attitude are the concerned problems so that it will take time and exertion to be able to teach people

International Management #3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Management 3 - Essay ExampleFollowing a lift in the ban on the sale of foreign game consoles in China, the developments made it easy for Microsoft to consider a voice proceed with a Chinese partner. But the Chinese lift on the ban had a condition all the companies hardware and products will be produced in China. In 2013, Microsoft took the opportunity and formed the joint venture with a Shanghai media company called E-Home Entertainment, in order to make games and consoles (Hong, 2013). In this attempt at the joint venture with a regional Chinese media giant, Microsoft aims to establish itself in the lucrative gambling grocery place in China so as to capitalize on its expertise and intellect.The two partners, which include Microsoft and BesTV advanced Media Co., a subsidiary of Shanghai Media Group, are to develop and sell its own gaming consoles and softwares along with cheer related and other third party products. So far, it has only been one year since the joi nt venture took place and the two are determined to progress exponentially in their business. BesTV currently has nearly 18 million IPTV subscribers in China, Southeast Asia, and Eastern Europe thereby possessing a significant chunk of the food market share. The combined investment from the two partners amounts to about $237 million with a 51 % share with BesTV (Hong, 2013). All of this was viable after the Chinese government decided to lift its ban on international gaming consoles thereby allowing similar business endeavors to take place. With this development, Microsoft now aims to launch one of their most popular products, Xbox One in China and explore possible business opportunities in the regional market.2. The local Chinese gaming market has seen a regional transformation in its technology as well as consumer preferences. No daylong are consumers interested in or are willing to buy low quality, inferior gaming softwares or consoles. The

What is Rhetoric Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What is cajolery - Assignment ExampleFrom an analysis of these three major definitions, I would say that rhetoric is a manner of speaking that helps a speaker system convey a message effectively.As buttocks be seen, rhetoric is a communication tool, so its importance arises from the ability of a speaker to talk through ones hat its use to convey messages. Rhetoric is a tool that can be used by the speaker to influence the listeners mindset, so it is important for convincing people of opinions that they should understand. However, rhetoric is a junto of the good and bad. Just like any tool, rhetoric can be used for negative and irresponsible purposes. This means that rhetoric is a tool, a tool used in speech for different purposes. Rhetoric is a tool that can be used to build or destroy lives, depending on the dash the speaker chooses to use it. For example, a speaker can choose to use to use rhetoric as a weapon, which is still an application of a

Media Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media Studies - Essay ExampleThe weakness of this, however, is that it may sideline other important issues which deserve tutelage (Gilbert, 3). It may also alter how the public views certain matters, like matters of little importance into a rattling important issue while those genuinely important may be ignored (Gilbert, 3). Through the sinewy media, scandals may also have an effect on how the public puts their trust on the government, which may spend a penny confusion, insecurity or even a revolt (Gilbert, 3). Scandals may also become the basis for a countrys democracy, but may still depend on different factors including the culture of a country (Gilbert, 9). The treatment of the public on issues concerning money, power and sex may vary for different cultures or change in time (Gilbert, 9). For instance, the sexual scandal previously involving the President, was not noticeable before not because of deficient media information but more into delineating that which is public and p rivate (Gilbert, 9). This perception however waned and became a substantial issue on people (Gilbert, 9).One way on how groups are presented in a aslope way through the media is in photography for instance. Stereotyping is common especially if a group is of color or some ethnic group, creating either an affirmative or a negative image (Public Broadcasting Service, 1). Photographers complicated in photojournalism take into consideration the significance of managing an image and the representation it makes to other people but tho show some bias especially if the audience is white or not belonging to much(prenominal) ethnicity or race (Public Broadcasting Service, 1).The source of a certain story presented by the media can also reflect some bias as to the political perspective (Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting, 1). Media may verify on the government, established think tank, corporate sources

Media plan for Nescafe in the United Kingdom Essay

Media plan for Nescafe in the United Kingdom - Essay ExampleFirst, the companys promotional message will be explored to establish the quality of content in Nescafs ad private road. Second, each(prenominal) identified advertising medium will specify how the advertisements will be implemented. Lastly, the cost of implementation and challenges to the foot race will be discussed as an overview of the plan.As currently stated on their website, Nescaf UK is launching a oecumenic head for the hills to promote responsible farming, production, and consumption. In this effect, Nescaf wants to push the message of not only providing the best hot chocolate in a cup, but also to go beyond the cup. With this, it is important that the message for the campaign will focus on this particularly tagline to show the uniformity in concept of the entire campaign message. As such, the theme, go beyond the cup, should represent these three areas which Nescaf currently puts its focus on.Mixed media adve rtising means equally utilizing both the traditional and modern media for product promotion. With todays technology-driven society, Nescafs conglomerate media plan will include the use of internet in targeting young consumers (aged 18 - 45 geezerhood old) who mostly subscribe to modern forms of communication. On the other hand, Nescaf will also continue placing advertisements to radio, print, and television because it recognizes the occurrence that these traditional forms of media, given their significance in advertising, will become more effective if it is integrated by the new media.Advertisements in print, radio, and television remain a competitive form of product promotion because it gives unyielding impression to consumers and establishes a stronger brand identity. Because of this, Nescaf will showcase in TV, print, and radio advertisements in major political platform networks in the UK.First, Nescaf will tap two television companies, ITV2 and SKY1, to showcase the adverti sements of the company. These TV networks contain

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 48

History - Essay ExampleThey had no idea how the colonists would react, but they never simulated that it would lead to breakright rebellion. This tax, called the Stamp Act, was perceived by the Colony leaders to be unjust. This disagreement would be the beginning of the end of the relationship that the Colonists had with Great Britain. The Stamp Act was repealed in 1766, but was replaced with another newfound law that allowed the British government to tax the colonies as they saw fit and, indeed they did tax them. The capital of Massach exercisetts Tea Party was not this roaring attack by men hooting and screaming, while dressed as Native Americans, making a loud protest as we so often see in films and television in fact, the Tea Party was rather covert, quiet, and over and done with quickly. Ultimately the episode reason out with the British response to the The Boston Tea Party, when armed warships surrounded the port city and were prepared to use force to gain obedience and orde r if necessary. This miniseries uses actors to speak the words that reflected the real concerns of the people who were living in these times. It makes it very interesting to learn history in this way.The second part of the miniseries, Liberty The American Revolution, covers the plosive speech sound between 1774-1776. This was the times when Americans took up arms and openly defied Britain. The British pattern that the colonists were hardly a threat. many a(prenominal) colonists were still quite loyal to their homeland and were caught in the middle, and quite conflicted as to what they should do. It was a rebellion they thought could be put down quickly and then it would be over and forgotten. The famous skirmish at Lexington, may have been by accident, in that to this day no one is absolutely certain who discharged the first shot. However, it was Bunker Hill where British losses were significant, and the Americans proved they could be a threat. The Americans held their ground un til they ran out of ammunition and were

EXPLANATIONS FOR THE ORIGINS OF AGRICULTURE Essay

EXPLANATIONS FOR THE ORIGINS OF AGRICULTURE - Essay ExampleThe first argument suggests that the development of agribusiness was driven by a scarcity of resources. The second argument differs radically, claiming that it was a surfeit of resources that advance domesticity. This physical composition will discuss and compare these two argument types and conclude that while no one gravel appears to have all the answers it is Haydens poser that appears more convincing.There are obvious academic merits addicted to finding a solution to the problem of formative agriculture. Indeed, since the time of Darwin scientists, social-scientists, historians even theologians have all well-tried to put onwards a convincing model that explains why certain hunter-gatherers decided to change thousands of days of practise and begin agriculture (Richerson et al 387-390). There have been a series of interesting and intriguing theories during that time ranging from population pressure driving domestic ation to the development of rituals and theology encouraging a hotshot of place (Hayden 31). Naturally, the stakes are high. A well developed universal model of domesticity would explain one time and for all the most important transition in human history. However, such a complete model does not yet exist.Two of the more interesting theories have to do with climate change, put forward here by Peter Richerson et al, and competitive feasting as explained by Brian Hayden, who suggests that the surplus of food encouraged social adaptation that encouraged the continued development of further agriculture and domesticity.The climate change theory consists of two major ideas. Essentially, there were push and pull factors. The former, at least according to Richerson and his colleagues, consisted of a comprehend of competition between Holocene societies which in effect made the development of agriculture during this period all alone compulsory (Richerson 387). The second factor is compara tively simple

Description of a Response Journal Essay Example for Free

Description of a resolution Journal EssayJournals provide learners with an opportunity to magnetic disc their personal thoughts, emotions, ideas, questions, reflections, connections, and new learning on what they hear, view, read, keep open, discuss and think.What we as educators want is that their writing enable students to modify a story and gain insights roughly the record, to help them reflect, and to help them see the world in a different way. (Brownlie, 2005)Our reflections are the making of deeper believeing and richer understandings. Our reflections are our dreams, our ideas, our questions, our initiatives, our visions our journeys of lifelong learning and teaching. (Schwartz B 1, 1995)Why are retort Journals an effective reading strategy?Response journals allow the students to remember to hold on to their thinking ab surface what they are reading. (Zimmermann, 1997)Response journals are easily implemented at all levels. They can be employ to target specific o utcomes of the Provincial ELA Curriculum.Response journals can be used with any genre of literature (poetry, short stories, media text, novel studies) and in different content areas that use expository text.When should Response Journals be introduced?Response journals should be introduced as soon as possible using scaffolding such as sentence frames or prompts to start. The goal should be to have students enter the middle years feeling comfortable with preserve their responses to reading with little or no scaffolding.How can I ensure student success? pick out poetry, stories or books with enough depth to elicit responses. Students should have the opportunity to discuss the reading to begin with ever so being asked to write a response. Use of the Say Something strategy (Brownlie, 2005) creates an atmosphere of acceptance and trust. good example, scaffolding, building criteria with students and commit with feedback are the most important tools for improving the quality of respo nses. Scaffolding is the use of a variety of starters, frames and graphical organizers to allow students to develop thoughtful responses.If needed, open ended prompts whitethorn be used for some students. (See Appendix) Modeling is critical to the success of student journal writing. Teachers need to model their thinking about a selected paper of text and how that thinking can be used to form a written response. This needs to be done regularly throughout the year with a variety of texts and responses.Students require frequent practice in the various forms of journal writing. The teacher mustiness provide feedback based on criteria that has been developed with the students. This practice with feedback allows students to proctor their growth and set goals for future journal responses.What are the different formats for Response Journals?(See Appendix for examples)1. Double doorway JournalThis is the most common response journal. The page is divided in half lengthwise. One typeface refers to a specific piece of text in the form of a quote or a summary. The specific text may target a literary strategy, technique or element of the originators craft. It may also elicit a personal response such as a connection, feeling or opinion. The other side targets the students thoughts regarding the selected piece of text.2. Diary EntryIn this style, the student writes from the speckle of view of one of the characters. It should include what the character might be thinking or feeling.3. IllustrationStudents harvest or illustrate a specific scene using thought bubbles or captions to show the characters thoughts and feelings or demonstrate the scenes importance. (Brownlie, 2005)4. InterviewThe student makes up questions they would ask one of the main characters. The questions are answered in the characters voice.5. LetterThere are many options in this response. Students may write a letter to a character, to the author, to the teacher, to a friend, to another student. In the letter they are postulation questions or sharing ideas about what they have read. At times, certain letter types could be responded to in the aforesaid(prenominal) fashion as a Dialogue Journal.6. Dialogue JournalStudents reading the same novel serve in pairs. They write a reflection to their partner in response to the novel. The following day, they exchange journals and write back to their partner. (Brownlie, 2005)7.Graphic OrganizersGraphic organizers such as KWL Charts, Mind Maps, Venn Diagrams, Timelines, Bar Line Graphs are used to serve well students in constructing meaning from text.8.Coding the TextThere are a variety of coding techniques including the use of stickies or highlighting to target specific elements of text such as vocabulary, figurative language, and confusing parts of text, questions and unforgettable quotes. If specific letter/symbol codes are being used, they should be developed in collaboration with your students and understandably posted in your room .How do I assess my students journal responses?Teachers assess for content not conventions. Students must be part of the criteria setting process. This will enable students to set clear and realistic goals.Teachers may favour to examine journal entries as evidence of student writing at the draft stage. However, this does not mean that students cannot choose one of their responses to take through the writing process and publish at a subsequently date.How do I build and use criteria with my students?Criteria are the standards by which something can be judged or valued. When we see these criteria, we are deciding what counts. Teachers set criteria with their students. When students are involved in developing criteria, they are much more likely to understand what is expected of them, buy in, and then accomplish the task successfully.A quatern step process for setting criteria with students encourages student participation, understanding and ownership. The first three steps should b e carried out before or as students are beginning their project or assignment. BrainstormSort and categorizeMake and Post a T-ChartAdd, Reuse, RefineFor further information on setting criteria, refer to riding horse and Using Criteria. Copyright 1997. Kathleen Gregory, Caren Cameron, Anne Davies, Connections Publishing.How do I tie the Reading Continuum descriptors to my students journal responses?At every level of the continuum, there are descriptors that can be assessed by some type of journal response. For example, at the Expanding trainstudents should be able to express opinions with evidence from the text. In the journal response, the teacher should be feeling for opinions supported with evidence from the text. The teacher should see evidence of this at least three times before noting this skill on the reading continuum.

IBM Research Topic Essay Example for Free

IBM Research melodic theme EssayMission Statement-Suitability for IBMThe relegationary post argumentation of IBM is suitable for the organization, and that not just now because it sufficiently refers to the features a mission statement must produce, but also because it expresses a spirit of success, teamwork and customer consideration, a spirit that only big companies can generate.Mission Statement-Strengths and weaknessesThough much important a mission stetement is, it can make some strengths and weaknesses regarding mostly the customers of a connection, the workforce and its sh areholders. These three groups of people constitute a larger modelling of groups, which has a legitimate interest in the fortunes of a company, the stakeholders of a company.Customers-StrengthsIn the market of randomness technology, customers entrust rest the most advance information technology from a company in order to effectuate their needs. Customers will also demand a flexible range o f products and services (after sales service) to suit their needs. By reading the mission statement of IBM it is more than visible that the company fulfills these demands and provides strengths to its customers (we strive to lead in the foundation and manufacture of the efforts most advance information technologies, we translate these advance technologies into value for our customers by means of our overlord solutions and services worldwide). Generally the mission statement of IBM expresses a spirit of marketing orientation, and customer devotiation.Customers-WeaknessesIt is extremeny difficult to pinpoint any weaknesses regarding customers generated from the mission statement of IBM, since the companys mission statement expresses a spirit of marketing orientation and customer service (we translate these advanced technologies into value for our customers through our professional solutions and services worldwide). However one could say that extremely high technology and developme nt capacity create such a specialisation that may lead to non-user friendly products, which would not sufficiently help oneself the needs of the customers. This could be encountered as a weakness.Workforce-StrengthsThe workforce of a company will expect to insure in a friendly and teamwork enviroement, in which opportunities for training and career development will be given. The mission statement of IBM complies with these expectations, and so provides strengths to the workforce. Since the product line of IBM is highly technologically advanced (development and manufacture of the industrys most advance information technologies) the workforce of IBM will have the opportunity of being accomplished and having developed their career in the future. Apart from this, the mission statement itself expresses the team spirit that exist in IBM and is being expected from the workforce (At IBM, we strive to lead in creation..Workforce-WeaknessesApart from the strengths that are generated from the mission statement of IBM a few weaknesses can also arise. By reading the mission statement of IBM you can easily observe the tense the company has to invest in the development of the company (technology, services) in order to lead in creation, development and manufacture of the industrys most advance information technologies and so to serve by a more fruitfull way the needs of its customers. This however can have a negative impact on some expectations of the workforce. Employees might expect some profits of the company to be given for the use of raising wages rather than investing for the development of the company. Employees might expect shorter working hours and more standardised products and services. The non-confrontation of these expectations can be considered as weaknesses.

Pips family Essay Example for Free

dissipates family EssayIn chapter one of the news report we discover that flecks family is deceased, well apart from his sister. They all died from common diseases like flu and measles and some other illnesses which several(prenominal) were treatable solely, medicate was not affordable for the unretentive. The social conditions in the nineteenth century were unfortunate. There wasnt much medicine and there were no cure for common diseases and there was a lot of exiguity, poor people had to operate on which includes children working in factories, there wasnt in the least of bringing up for the poor. This all tells us that life was expectant to live in Britain in the nineteenth century if you were poor. Today in Britain it is greatly different, there is little poverty, much education, affordable prices for medicine, children dont need to work to reserve there family, also there is the NHS health do and there is child benefit along with income support. off encounters an escaped convict when he goes to see his mothers grave. fool away was petrified when he saw this convict he was an enormous man and was chained up to his legs. In those years all convicts were known as murders so when slash met him he was horrified. Then the convict forces Pip to stupefy food to eat and a filer to break lose from the chains on his hands and legs.In Pips village the standard of education was important but the poor often couldnt afford it. Only the mysterious and wealthy families were able to afford education. Poor people werent expected to get educated in Pips village. Pip was expected to work and support his family when he was older. Pip wanted to become a black metalworker like Joe. Charles Dickens wants to create a miserable impression ab come forth education among the working classes. He wants to show how unfortunate children were in the working classes as they can not get any education and had to support there families. The children of wealthier families received different standard of education from the poorer families.They werent amongst the working classes, they didnt need to work to support there families they could afford education as well as medicine, which means that life wasnt bad for well-heeled and wealthy families. Joe and Pip are extraordinarily good friends Because Joe is a fully grown man and Pip is a youngster and there relationship is very secure and close, they can talk to each other in confidence, can keep secrets from each other and support each other in any way. Joe had an extremely dreadful childhood he suffered from a lot of violence from his dad as he gave a great deal of pain to Joe and his mother by beating them. Joes dad was constantly rum also, they were suffering from poverty. Joe explains his father and childhood to Pip. He tells him about the violence he suffered from his father this makes Pip odour uncomfortable and sorry about Joe.I was not at all at my ease this is how Pip felt, he felt anxious an d confused when the time was up to go to Miss Havishams house for the arrangement. At the gates of the Satis house Pip met Estella. Estella treated Pip awfully bad. She kept on calling him boy at the end of her either sentence, this was very impolite and rude. By Estellas words and actions it made Pip go through like someone not to be complimented at even for this Pip had feelings for Estella.Estella knows that pip comes from a poor social background. She feels that he is someone that has no education and manners so she speaks to him very rudely by calling him not by his name but by boy at the end of every sentence. When Pip left the Satis house he felt like a common labouring-boy and felt more ignorant because he cried in front of Estella at the gates of the Satis.Pip was very irritated by the way Joe was dressed, which it was in his Sunday clothes and he also was irritated when Joes behaviour was very unenviable during their meeting with Miss Havisham. Joe was trying to act sm art and act like a gentleman but he made things worse by tying to say big words like amazing but he said it all wrong he said it like as-TON-ishing this made Pip feel more irritated and Nervous. When Joe was speaking to Miss Havisham he was addressing to Pip, Pip was trying to give him a clue to stop Joe from looking at him and to look at Miss Havisham when speaking to her but Joe was to deep to notice.This all is showing us that Pips attitude pitchs towards Joe he starts feeling ashamed about Joe because he showed out Pips social and financial life at the meeting with Miss Havisham by the way he speaks and dresses. I dont think Pip should have felt this way because Joe is his close friend and he should not change his feelings and actions towards Joe just because he gets irritated at him. Now we can see that Pips social life and poverty is affecting his own character.

Taking Control of Obesity Essay Example for Free

Taking Control of Obesity EssayWhat is being done rough nipperhood obesity and how could p arnts improve high-priced bouncing habits? Parents should be mindful of the foods squirtren eat and play routines. puerility obesity is often a result of a lack of nutrition, exercise, and self control. Childhood obesity is a growing epidemic in the United States.Parents are role models and should demonstrate sinewy ingest habits, exercise routines, appointed egoism and teach long-term weight control to help maintain a ruddy weight and good habits that exit prevent obesity. Developing good eating habits as a chela can reduce the risk of one becoming obese. Parents have control of what children eat, beginning at birth. Children destiny to eat fresh fruit, vegetables, fat free and low fat dairy products, whole grains, and seafood. To maintain good health one has to maintain a honorable body weight and meet nutrition requirements.Preparing position cooked meals is the best way to demonstrate healthy eating habits and portion control. Eating together at the dinner table give parents a chance to discuss why it is serious to eat healthy and what healthy foods are. That gives the children an opportunity to ask questions and get answers. At snack time, parents should offer children snacks that are not loaded with staff of life and fat. Taking children to grocery shopping is a good way to explain what healthy foods are and healthy eating habits.Therefore, if parents teach children how to make good food choices that are a positive shekels in like manner healthy eating. Exercising regularly is vital in a childs life. Overweight children are at risk of heart disease, joint problems, sleep apnea, diabetes and possibly long-term health problems. Adding exercise in a childs lifestyle is as important as adding healthy foods. Therefore, when a child get accustom to that lifestyle they can benefit from it. They can lose weight and live a healthier and long life. Pa rents have to incorporate exercise into the children lives.They must encourage the children to go outside and play, sort of of watching television and playing video games. Parents have to encourage children to play sports in school and during the summer, so they can be physically active all year. However, parents have to provide the right nutrition that will provide growth and energy for physical activities. In addition, some basic planning that includes sports outside activities and umpteen calories, being burn is a good way to maintain a healthy weight. Self-esteem plays a big part in a childs mental health.Peers tease children and it tends to lower that childs self-esteem and make them tactile sensation like they have no worth. That can cause a child to develop an eating disorder and become withdrawn from others. Therefore, the parent has to figure out a way to promote positive self-esteem. Identify and redirect the childs inaccurate beliefs is a start to promoting positive se lf-esteem. Be a positive role model, exercise and eat healthy with them. The most important thing to do is let the child know they are love, no matter what the situation.Obesity affects a childs self-esteem, because of what they hear in society. Parents have to speak up on behalf of the children, that being heavy is unacceptable. Even though, being overweight is unhealthy, but tearing down a childs self-esteem is also unhealthy. Parents want to build up the childs self-esteem by showing them eating healthy and exercise can help maintain a healthy weight. When the children and parents do these things together, the children will feel better mentally and physically, knowing that a healthy lifestyle makes a happy child.Parents should also let the children know that everyone is different and being overweight do not make one any slight of a person. In order for children to control, their weight long-term is to continue what the parents has taught them about good eating habits, exercise , and positive self-esteem into their adulthood. The children need to maintain a healthy lifestyle and focus on the right things to do. The children need to keep healthy foods in the pantry and refrigerator. Always start the day with a good breakfast, which increases the metabolism. constrain unhealthy snacking, especially before lying down. Exercise at least thirty minutes to an minute of arc a day. Always get a good night sleep at least sextet to eight hours a night. Always keep a positive attitude and do not penalize or reward oneself with food. Therefore, if the parents instill these good healthy habits into a child, they will continue to do these healthy habits as adults. In conclusion, helping obese children lose the extra pounds requires a change in their lifestyles. Parents should turn closely with the children to teach them about healthy food choices.

Correctional Operations Essay Example for Free

Correctional trading operations EssayMany nations and cultures brook come up with official faithfulnesss to protect their citizens from crimes. Over the years these laws set out been in force, to foster keep corporation from becoming anarchy. Different forms of retaliatements contain been phthisisd to detour would be deplorables. However you will find citizens still tends to break the laws. These days exclusively countries have a rightness system and a prison for locking up their threats to society. Many countries do sentence several(prenominal)one to close for an extreme form of punishment. The Babylonian Code of Hammurabi (Encarta, 2007) was the first sanctioned record run aground in the set East. However, the Western nations ensurem to follow laws started by Ancient Rome (Encarta, 2007). in the beginning wide each city had a court and had launch their own laws, to protect the citizens. Soon after the Roman Empire established the Law of Twelve Tables, to c onfirm their society. just virtually hoi polloi entrust that the earliest form of law can be found in the twelve centuries which is known as the Justinian Code (Encarta, 2007).For many centuries bulk have died or been penalize for committing theft, rape, or unspeakable crimes. In 1532, the Holy Roman Empire taked the Constitio Criminalis to punish wrongs. But not every county followed that law, so these countries created their own legal system, where each county would deal with its criminals in their countries, when they driveful to. For the most part, punishment was used to punish or deter these would be criminals. Life became more train with each passing century, as reinvigorated punishments were created. Many people felt safer with laws that could protect them.Centuries later the pappa System was created by the boosters, Pennsylvania became the center of prison reform worldwide. This happen when William Penn, Penn who had been confined in England for his Quaker beli efs abolished the Duke of Yorks several criminal code which was in effect in early(a) parts of British North America, where among other offenses, the penalty of death was applied for murder, denying the true God homosexual acts and kidnapping, severe tangible punishments were used for what wereconsidered lesser crimes. The true root of the Quaker system was to create more humane handling for criminals, they decided that criminals needed more constructive punishment and a place where they can be comp permitely to repent and turn back to God rather than such savage punishment.The Quakers believe that criminals could reformed and devote to society as a c lighte people. Prisoners were put to black market in the prison so that their clipping could be used wisely. In the 1820s the Auburn System was in full swing, this system was different from the Quakers they believe in complete silence, handsomeer cells and any economic advantage over the Pennsylvania System. In the long run bo th(prenominal) of these prison system failed, then came along the Auburn System which modern corrections used their old method of old cells blocks and solitary confinement.each county began hiring sheriffs and creating legal systems to deal out the punishments. about people welcome the new laws and sense of safety, yet nearly refuse to follow them. Some criminals were quietly punished and some were killed, for the crimes they committed. The justice system grew into a major part of society however, it was not perfect. . But not long many citizens felt that the criminals deserved what punishments they received. More jails were built and more criminals began challenging the new laws that had been established by the courts. Unfortunately, societies were being victimized by the criminals or gangs or criminals. So, many new sheriffs and spy agencies were established to help police the growing neighborhoods. Many people supported the role of the sheriffs and they volunteered to help a s deputies.In the old times, criminals were tortured as a form of punishment, by the Roman Empire. Some criminals hang on crosses, killed by torture, and place in dungeons to die. For this reason many began to revolt against the Roman rule and they were punished as criminals too. Soon the Roman Empire fell and many separate societies began growing by means ofout the world. Before long, the Modern ages began and many prisons were built in the 19th century. Many countries were ruled by the King and faerie of Britain at the turn of the 19th century.Severely changes have happened to the justice system during that time. Which made life much easier for the citizens criminals were locked a focal point and punished for the crimes that they committed. Each criminal had to be found guilty by the court first, in advance they could bepunished. Many new laws were created, in order to help the citizen feel safe and keep the peace. However, some citizens still felt that capital punishment was to hash.By the 20th century, the British rule began to fade, as the variation grew and many fled to the New World. Due to prison overcrowding, many courts systems were looking for ways to deal with criminals. Many courts began large probation to petty thieves and criminals besides locking them up. Soon young offenders were removed from the adult court system and dealt with in juvenile court. Then the court began looking for ways, to rehabilitate the juvenile offenders. Many schools and programs were created, in order to apprehension the troubled youth from becoming adult offenders. Also many adult programs began popping up with the intentions to help rehabilitate small crime offenders. Some criminals were able to change and become productive part of society (National Archives, 2007). Alexander Maconochie came up with the concept of early release for hard work and good behavior, also intelligence which was created by Sir Walter Crofton and the Irish system, which we in the United State use today.Om the late 1800s reformatory system was established, some were given education classes, and early release and punishment was not the focus. However, some adults were unable to be rehabilitating by the programs, so eventually more prisons had to be built to house youth and adult offenders that were unable to be rehabilitated. After the justice system realized that punishments were not stopping criminals from committing crimes. Many scientist and doctors began directing the behavior of criminals, especially their childhood. Some scientist has found that many criminals have had troubled childhood, which may lead to their behavior. However, some criminals are elevated in a good home yet they still commit horrible crimes to date no one has come up with a magic pill that can stop these criminals from committing crimes. Many societies have tried to find a way to stop criminals, from creating a justice system to building prisons.However, no matter how history has tried t o stop the criminals, they still seem to victimize helpless people. Maybe, with further study and a better understanding of why they commit crimes, future generations can stop them. But, at this office only prisons seem to help those, who have become habitual offenders. Hopefully, one day we can createa magic pill or a way to stop criminals from hurting others. Until then, we must let the justice system work for us and our society The correction system in the United States have changed many times over the past years, many theories went from retaliation, physical punishment, reforming and back. The population of inmates in the United States and national prisons and jails has grown at an unprecedented rate in the past thirty years. Since 2000, the census of prisoners being detained in state and national prisons has risen 13%. Since 1990, the census has grown 100% the census has grown a staggering 366%.The thirteenth Amendment to the United States shaping, which was passed by the s enate on April 8th, 1864 and approved by the House on January 31st, 1865 and canonic on December 6th, 1865 abolish thralldom as a legal institution. The thirteenth Amendment stated. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall endure at heart the United States, nor any place subject to their jurisdiction. Right after the 13th Amendment was passed, the drear Code was created, the Black Code were laws in the United States after the cultured War with the effect of hold in the basic human right and civil liberties of blacks. As newly palliated slaves would soon learn, freedom was not as they had anticipated. White southerners were anxious to regain power over them and used the law in order to execute that objective, the code served as a way to control and inhibit the freedom of ex-slaves.The Code controlled almost all aspect of their pass aways and prohibited African Americans from the free doms that had been won. Not only did the whites wanted to control ex-slaves only when they need laborers. era things could no longer be exactly the same as in slavery, the whites found a way to guarantee that blacks would serve as their laborers. The whites encompassed some of the antebellum restrictions on free blacks, northern apprenticeship laws, they took their civil and legal rights, from marriage to the right to hold and sell property. Laws were different in each state precisely most embodied the same kind of restrictions. Commonly, codes compelled freedman to work. But in many states if unemployed, African American face being arrested and charged with vagrancy. Many of those that did work had their days regulated.Codes dictated their hours of labor, duties and the behavior assigned to them as country workers. Almost every aspect of their lives was regulated, including the freedom to roam blacks were not permitted to enter towns without permission. In 1866 black codes wer e hang up by Federal officials who noted that the codes were too harsh and bias they decided that blacks should be subjected to the same penalties and regulations as whites. Along with the black code came the convict leasing system, this was the leasing of prisoners to backstage companies who would pay the state a fee for the service. Prisoners would work for these companies day after day returning to their cells each night while business profit from free prisoners labors. These black prisoners would survive less than six years the death rate among these inmates was almost 45% for those in the south.Another way to keep free blacks in slavery was Sharecropping for those man who did not want to go to prison, sharecropping was the only way former slaves could survive . But the high prices and interest rate charged by store and land owners caused these blacks to be in constant debt. Another way blacks were kept was by train gangs, the crimes was breach of a contract, even today there are some states that still adopt grasp gangs like, Florida, Alabama and Arizona. Amnesty International one of the leading humanitarian groups express that the practice of chain gangs is inhumane, to use handcuffs, and chains etc. on prisoners is a violation of the International Covenant on Civil and political Rights. Today prisoners have another dilemma to deal with privatization of prisons privatization of prison is not new it has been around for centuries, private corporations are once again owning and operating prisons for profit.A controversial issue which dates back to the days that followed the license Proclamation, private prisons owners and manage prisoners making thousands of millions of dollars from prisoners labor while the prisoners earn nothing. The 13th amendment allows a form of slavery to exist legally, when we look at people who are jailed for nonviolent crimes within the criminal justice system, like the Black Code, Sharecropping and Chain Gangs and then privat izing of prisons the 13th Amendment shape slavery through the penal system.President Lincoln abolished the cruel and unusual punishment, but if we look there is a small part which we may call a clause that states, Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crimes whereof the partyshall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, nor any place subjected to their jurisdiction. The Amendment did not specify what crimes, felony, misdemeanor or even a traffic ticket it just said crime and all of these are crimes. Yet we see many people not convicted of crimes and they are punished, put in prison, locked up and work for fee. The 13th Amendment has reshaped and defined slavery the moment it was placed on paper.The tenth Amendment of the United States Constitution is a guarantee of state right. The Tenth Amendment is similar to an earlier provision of the Articles of Confederation. Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, a nd every power, jurisdiction and right, which is not by this confederation expressly delegated to the United States, in sexual intercourse assembled. When the tenth Amendment was introduced in congress, James Madison explained that many states were anxious to ratify this amendment, despite critics who deemed the amendment superfluous or unnecessary. The constitution designed the federal politics to be a government of limited and enumerated powers. This is saying that the federal government only has power over the things that are specifically given to it in the constitution, all other powers is given to the state.The tenth Amendment noted that The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, or by the states are silent to the states respectively or to the people. I believe the founding fathers created this Amendment because they did not want the central government which is the federal government to become too powerful and did not want that government to tell them how they should live their lives daily. They wanted to give the local state power to control their own affairs to make laws and rules that their people can live by and not have the federal government total control of their affair. The 10th Amendment when it comes to the Florida criminal justice system and prison is this. Advocate can bring more cases under the 10th Amendment, which will have huge positive implication for freedom so long as the on-going constitution of the courts holds. Federalism secures the freedom of the individual it allows the state to respond through the enactment of positive law.As we see the 10th Amendment have been weakens somewhat by the by congress, you could hardly hear about the 10th Amendment in court cases in the years it wasadopted but not so today you find that a lot of cases using the 10th Amendment for their bases for filing an appeal. There were states that were protected under the 10th Amendment. Which the American Civil was noted was not worka ble so the 14th Amendment was created to extend the Bill of Rights and made it applicable to both state and federal government. We can see the 10th Amendment no longer holds the power that it once did, but today in Florida law makers is trying to use the 10th Amendment to privatize prisons. The 10th Amendment was written to secure the state that they would remain largely in charge of their people the 10th Amendment was always used to hold federal regulation of everything including taxation. I believe the 8th should control the criminal justice system in Florida. The Amendment states that Excessive bond certificate shall not be required, nor excessive fines compel, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted.The 8th Amendment to the Constitution established in 1791, have three provisions The cruel and unusual punishment clause, which restrict the callosity of punishments that state and federal government may impose upon someone who have been convicted of a crime. The Excessive b ewitching Clause limits the numerate that state and federal governments may fine a person for a accompaniment crime. Then there is the Excessive Bail Clause which restricts judicial discretion in setting bail for the release of persons accused of a criminal activity during the period following their arrest but antecede their essay. Courts are given wide latitude under the Excessive Fine Clause of the 8th Amendment, fines which is imposed by ta trial court judge or magistrate will not be disquieted on appeal unless the judge or magistrate abuse his or her discretion in assessing them. But the trial court judge is given less latitude under the Excessive Bail Clause.If the defendants meets bail or is able to pay the amount set by the court, the defendant is entitled to recover the pledged amount at the conclusion of the criminal proceeding, however, if the defendant fails to appear as scheduled during the prosecution, then he or she forfeits the amount pledge and still faces furth er criminal penalties if convicted of the offense or offenses charged. Since most of our defendants are poor excessive fine is handling in a calm manner I believe. To me the most tiny part of the 8th Amendment is the cruel and unusual punishment. In the case Furman v. Georgia the Supreme Court found that he death penalty violated the 8th Amendment the court notedthat These death penalties are cruel and unusual punishment today not much state use the death penalty but in our state of Florida the death penalty is still a factor. Recently the state declared a moratorium on lethal injection and a de facto moratorium on the death penalty.Finally I believe our criminal justice has come a long way but there is still work to be done especially with defendants being arrested and being treated as the olden days when slavery was in place. We still find our slavery taking place indirectly especially for black minoritys. We need our choose government leading to stop playing politics and star t working for the people who elected them into office. Judges and lawyers need to stop taking bribes and let the justice system work for the people. We as criminal justice majors must stop looking at the money we may make when we refining school and get our degree. And see how we can put what we have learned into practice to help our ally neighbors or our community. Our justice system needs people with heart and backbones and I believe we as the leaders of tomorrow can do that.Referenceshttp//voices.yahoo.com/roots-history-punishment-512307.html?cat=37 http//plato.stanford.edu/entries/legal-punishment/1http//legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/8th+Amendment

Fight Club Essay Example for Free

Fight Club EssayThe 1999 film, Fight Club, is controversial in the sense that it can be interpreted at a superfluity of angles. However, the effectiveness of the last(a) moving-picture show to reflect the storytellers catharsis is indisputable as it is accompanied by the song Where is My drumhead by The Pixies. The song itself is vital to the ending impression and ultimately the entire film. The lyrics are significant to the storytellers inner turmoil, not only throughout the film, but also at the concluding spot and the auditory elements parallel the events and emotions of the concluding scene. Fight Club centers around an unnamed cashier who projects his unconscious personal identity as a separate character, Tyler Durdin. Tyler frees the vote counter from his former pretenses of life regarding society through self destruction. The narrator burns his house, quits his job, and beings to live recklessly, seemingly by coincidence. He subconsciously rids himself of all world ly possessions. Together, Tyler and the narrator form Fight Club an underground group that thrives on destruction of themselves and government establishments.As the narrator gets weaker and less powerful, Tyler gets stronger and better looking, symbolizing his strengthening id. Towards the end of the film, the narrator comes to the realization that he is Tyler. The ending scene puts the narrator and Marla, a woman with whom he has an on again-off again relationship, at the highest story of a city building, holding hands and watching the city collapse around them. The music as it appears in the final scene is essential to the conclusion of the film The lyrics, where is my mind, plays at the very closing moment.The words reflect the narrate of the characters mind during the entire film and especially at the final scene. As he rids himself of all superficiality and societys values, he is freed from his dangerous alter ego and his apparent dementia praecox and left with an open mind . Where is my mind, speaks to the separation between his conscious and subconscious into two people as wholesome as his newfound freedom from materiality.The narrator experiences a rebirth from his prior lifestyle into pure existentialism, a state of being where he is now able to award meaning to his life, rather than society appointment meaning. The auditory elements of the song run parallel to the occurrences of the concluding scene. The song features loud, aggressive, and disharmonic music which is comparable to the citys crashing buildings and demolition. There is a melodic undertone of chorus voices singing which is reflective of the narrator and Marlas equanimity and almost happiness, it seems, during the outside devastation.

Ambition in Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz and School Ties Essay Example for Free

Ambition in Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz and School Ties EssayAmbition Its Easy to Dream a Dream, but Much Harder to Live it Napoleon Bonaparte once state Great ambition is the passion of a great office. Those endowed with it may perform very vertical or very bad acts. It altogether depends on the principles which direct them. From this quote, one can see that great ambition is crucial to experience success whether it is achieved in an honest fashion, or a morally suspicious one. In the novel The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz (ADK) and the movie School Ties (ST) a strong sense of ambition is one of the whimsical topics for the plot and the development of many characters. For example, one can see that Duddy will do anything to achieve his dreams, nonetheless if that means betraying his friends or taking part in illegal activities. Although the amount of ambition in twain works is very prominent, in like manner much ambition can prove to be detri moral in many ways, and it is evident that ambition proves to be more severe in ST because many characters struggled with common moral philosophy and were affected by the mental destruction that comes along with too much ambition.In ADK, Duddy proves to be too compulsive for his own good throughout the entire novel, as he c ars too much somewhat owning land rather than following morals or obeying the law. Just one of these examples would be when Duddy sells contraband rummy books. American comic books were beginning to trickle into the city again, and so Duddy was attracted by this new line Barney was picked up by the police and fined. Duddy, unfortunately was caught with a large stack on hand.He took fright and threw them in the furnace. (Richler 56). This quote shows evidence that Duddy began his overly-ambitious ways at a young age by selling grown comic books. Moreover, this proves Napoleon Bonapartes quote in that those who are ambitious are involuntary to commit very good or very bad act s in order to succeed. Similarly, morals are lost in ST as intumesce when Dillon cheats on his history exam, and tells the class that it was David instead of him. It wasnt Connors. I should have told the truth yesterday. I know who cheated. It was Green. (Darryl Ponicsan, Dick Wolf). At this point in the movie, it portrays Dillon as the enemy as he lied to his friends, and cheated on his exam. Since Dillon did this in order to get into Princeton, one can conclude that he did this because he felt like he had no other options. Thus leading the lector to believe that Dillon did this out of ambition, but he let his morals get the better of him.In this way, ADK is highly similar to ST in the sense that characters from each text betrayed their friends, and cheated in one way or other in order to succeed. Secondly, Duddy Kravitz can be seen struggling with the mental exhaustion that comes with having too much ambition throughout the novel. An example of this is when he has a small br eakdown just after he loses all of his money by playing roulette. Duddy was seized by an uncontrollable fit of laughter.He rolled over in the grass, biting his arm to muffle the noise Three times he stopped, his laughter immense. The thought of them peeping for him all through the night (Richler 90. ) This quote gives evidence that Duddy was so blinded by his ambition that he has fits of laughter over the fact that he lost all of his money. Moreover, this proves that Duddys mental health has minuscule because he doesnt care about the fact that the employees at the lodge are sincerely dysphoric as they search for him.Similarly, mental destruction due to ambition is portrayed in ST as well during the scene where McGivern is so upset about his teacher insulting him in French class that he sneaks into the classroom that night in order to repeat his recitation to himself while his friends are looking for him more or less campus. McGivern is so distraught about this presentation that he ends up getting taken away in an ambulance at the end of the night. Although the way that mental destruction is shown in ST is slightly different than in ADK, they are very alike because some(prenominal) mental breakdowns by the characters are brought on through their ambitions to succeed.In conclusion, mental destruction and the loss of morals from being too ambitious are evident in both novels, but it is more severe in ST because multiple characters suffer in different ways, whereas Duddy is the only character that struggles significantly with his ambitions. Ultimately, being ambitious is a great trait because it builds character, but becoming too ambitious can harm an individual in more ways than one. So, how ambitious are you?

Ernie Davis Essay Example for Free

Ernie Davis EssayA three-time All-American halfback and 1961 Heis valet Trophy winningsner, Ernie Davis would go on to win nearly valuable player title in both the Cotton sports stadium and the Liberty Bowl, and was inducted into the College Football Hall Of Fame in 1979. He was the first African American man to win the Heisman Trophy, and to be picked initiative overall in the NFL draft. His career was cut short when he was diagnosed with cancer in 1962.Athlete. American Football player. Ernie Davis was born on December 14, 1939 in New Salem, Pennsylvania, USA. He is the first African American man to win the Heisman Trophy and the first black athlete to be chosen initiatory overall in the NFL Draft.A three-time All-American halfback and 1961 Heisman Trophy winner, Davis set yardage and scoring records at Syracuse University. He would go on to win MVP title in both the 1960 Cotton Bowl and the 1961 Liberty Bowl, and would be inducted into the College Football Hall Of Fame in 1979. His honors and accomplishments on the gridiron were matched only by his adversity off the bowl As a black athlete playing many games in the south, he was the victim of racial discrimination on several occasions.The most publicized incident occurred when he was selected as the Cotton Bowl MVP in 1960. Davis was told by organizers that he would be allowed to accept his award at the post game banquet, and would instantaneously have to leave the segregated facility. Ernie refused to receive the award, and his entire team agreed to boycott the banquet. A man of firsts, Ernie Davis was the first African American man to win the Heisman Trophy, the first to join the prestigious Sigma Alpha Mu union (a nationally recognized Jewish fraternity) and, in 1962, became the first African American player to be picked 1st overall in the NFL draft.Tragic DeathAlthough the details are somewhat disputed, Davis contract was considered to be the most lucrative ever offered to an NFL rookie. His teammates and supporters looked forward to seeing Ernie sharing the backfield with the great Jim Brown, breaking countless records and leading the Cleveland Browns to a decade of victorious seasons. Those seasons would never come, however, as Ernie was diagnosed with acute monocytic leukemia during preparations for the 1962 College All Star Game. Although treatment had begun immediately, the disease would call down incurable and Ernie died on May 18, 1963 Having never played a professional football game.Both the can and the Senate eulogized him, and his wake was in The Neighborhood House in Elmira, New York, where more than 10,000 mourners paid their respects. Accolades from JFKHis character and his gymnastic accomplishments caught the eye of John F. Kennedy, who had followed Ernies college career and made several attempts to meet the star. In 1963, when he heard Ernie would be honored by his high school with a school holiday, the president sent a wire reading Seldom has an ath lete been more deserving of such a tribute. Your high standards of performance on the field and off the field, reflect the finest qualities of competition, sportsmanship and citizenship. The nation has bestowed upon you its highest awards for your athletic achievements. Its a privilege for me to address you tonight as an outstanding American, and as a worthy example of our youth. I salute you.Ernie Davis was the subject of the 2008 Universal Pictures moving picture The Express, based on the non-fiction book Ernie Davis The Elmira Express, by Robert C. Gallagher.

Services and the marketing strategies Essay Example for Free

serve wells and the commercialiseing strategies EssayQns discourse the 4 major characteristics of run and the selling strategies available for the serve well organization.Qns What argon the primary differences between harvesting and emoluments? Give representatives that highlight these differences between harvesting and aids. Give examples that highlight these differences and provide examples of hybrid render.Qns. utilise a service of process example of your choice, explain how the service company fag end deal with intangibility, insepar susceptibility, variability and perishability. quadruplet Major characteristics of serve1) Intangibility2) Inseparability3) Variability4) PerishabilityIntangibility*Lack of tangible assets which digest be seen, touched, smelled, hear or taste prior to secure. E.g., education, air travel, sporting events, super intangible*Purchasing movie ticket, subvert you an experience, services subjectively evaluated*Own set of perceptions and expectations, opinions differ regarding value of experience*Customer returns home with a memory of experience and obtain somatic ownershipTangibility*Anything that tin bum be offered to a market for attention, acquisition, custom, or consumption that might satisfy a want or call for*Tangible assets seen, felt, tasted or touched*E.g. shoes, objectively evaluated before actual purchase*Take shoes home, have ownership and somatogenetic possession of a tangible objectHybrid produce*Offer a tangible product with their service, service is still intangible because consumer atomic spell 18 purchasing the service, not the effectual*Restaurant, consumer are giveing the eating place to prepare the regimen for them*Evaluation of service is based on how well the restaurant prepared the sustenance*To reduce intangibility, an airline company feature tangible assets such(prenominal) as their airplanes, pilots, flight attendants, or another(prenominal) personnel in an advertisem entInseparability*Refers to the service providers physical connection to the service being provided*Involve nodes conflict in the service production process*Service is causeed and consumed at the same m, with the lineament of service highly dependant on the ability of the service provider and quality of interaction between the service provider and the customer*E.g., getting a haircut, customer ordain go to the hair stylist and being evince era the service is being producedSeparability*In contrast, products are produced and sold at a later cadence*E.g., television is produced at the factory and sold at a later timeHybrid Offer*Is in the case of getting medical services. Dentist is using acquireing to fill cavities for the customer while the customer is present*To reduce inseparability or the dependence on the customer-employee interaction, an airline company can make out its air tickets through the internet where customers can buy air tickets directly from their website.Var iability*Unwanted at random levels of service quality customers receive when they patronize a service*Primarily caused by charitable element, although machines may malfunction causing a variation in the service*Various employees testament perform the same service differently and even the same service*E.g, commercial window cleaning, the outcome will differ if the firm uses different employees each time a business is servicesContrast*Goods are mass-produced by factories and as such their features, ability and usage are the same*E.g. telephone are mass-produced in the factories and sold to customers offering the same features, abilities and usageHybrid Offer*Fast food restaurant, the hamburgers, French fries and other food are mass produced and put in warming bins. Customers are respondd with hamburgers, French fries and other food when they ordered and served by service staff at the incompatible*To reduce variability, the airline company can put their service staff through intens ive reading or customize the service based on the customers specific instructions by asking the customers to fill in details on how they expect to be treated and what they want from the service staff when they purchase the air tickets from the companyPerishability*Refers to the trait that services cannot be saved, their unused condenser cannot be reserved and they cannot be inventoried*Most services consumed at a point of production*E.g. Hotel rooms that go unoccupied for the flush cannot be stick ind and used it at a later date*Caused the reverse to occur where the demand is greater than supply. E.g. Airline does not have enough seats for everyoneContrast*Products can be mass produced and stored in the warehouses until consumer are ready to purchase*The ability not creates an inventory of the good that will eventually be purchased by the consumer means that production and consumption of the good can be separated in time and space. E.g., in the case of a pair of jeans does not s ell today, a retailer can store it and sell it at a later timeHybrid Offer*In a close food restaurant, they can inventory part of their service process example, inventory hamburgers for a limited plosive consonant of time*However, the outlet cannot inventory the entire service experience, the counter staff still wish to serve the customers with the hamburgers and the hamburgers cannot be saved for the next day*To reduce perishability, the airline essential develop strategies to cope with fluctuate demand. This goal can be accomplished by making simultaneous ad middlingments in demand, supply and capacity*One method of adjusting the demand is that the airline company can reduce the price or offer promotions during the lower-ranking peak season to attract customer to travel and utilize the airline seats during the low peak season instead of the peak season.*Supply can be adjusted by outgrowth the number of in flights departing the country during the peak season. To increase capa city, the airline company can arrange to increase the number of flights departing at the same time.Marketing StrategyIt is defined as the process of adjusting controllable marketing factors to cope with or exploit uncontrollable environment. Four strategies that are available for the service organizations are so follows1.Three additional Ps2.Managing service differentiation3.Managing Service Quality4.Managing Service ProductivityThree additive PsThe traditional four Ps marketing approaches cut back well for goods, but additional elements enquire attention in service business. Three additional Ps for service marketing1.People Most services are provided by people. Therefore, the selection, training and motivation of employees can make a huge difference in customer satisfaction. Ideally, employees should exhibit competence, a caring attitude, responsiveness, initiative, problem-solving attitude and goodwill.E.g. At Marriot, their front-line personnel are empowered to deliver plac e up to $100 to resolve a customer problem.2.Physical Evidence Companies in like manner try to demonstrate their service quality through physical and presentation. A virulentel will develop a look and style of transaction with customers that realizes its intended customer value proposition, whether it is cleanliness, speed or near other benefit.3.Process Service companies can call for among different processes to deliver their service. For example, restaurants to develop different formats such as buffet candlelight dinner and debauched food.Service marketing requires not only external marketing but also internal and interactional marketing. External marketing describes the normal work to prepare, price, distribute and promote the service to the customer.Internal Marketing describes the work to train and motivate employees to serve customer.Interactive marketing describes the employees skills in serving the client. Client judges service not only by technical quality but also by its functional quality, indeed service providers must deliver high touch as well as High tech.Managing Service DifferentiationIn these days of intense price competition, service marketers often complain virtually the clog of differentiating their services from those of competitors. If customers view the services of different providers as similar, they care less about the provider than the price.The theme to price competition is to develop a pockd offer, delivery and image. The offer can include mod features that set one companys offer apart from their competitors offers. What the customer expects is called primary service package the provider can add secondary service features. E.g. airlines have introduced innovation such as advance seating, sleeping compartment, hot showers to differentiate their offers. The major challenge is that most service offerings and innovations are easily copied. However, the company that regularly introduces innovations will gain a succession of temporary advantages over competitors.Service companies can differentiate itself by aim a let on and faster delivery system. There are three levels of differentiation. The first is reliability whatsoever suppliers are more reliable in their on-time delivery, order completeness and order cycle time. Second is resilience some suppliers are better at handling emergencies, product recalls and answering inquiries. The third is innovativeness some suppliers create better information systems, introduce bar coding and mixed pallets and in other centerings to help the customer. An example is banking system, a bank might offer its customers electronic home banking as a better way to deliver banking services thank having to drive, park and wait in line. Service companies can work on differentiating their images through symbols and branding. E.g. Merill Lynchs bill.Managing Service QualityOne of the ways that a service firm can differentiate itself is by delivering consistently higher qu ality than its competitors do and meets or exceed customer expectations. Customers form service expectations from past experiences, word of mouth and advertising. Customers compare the perceived service with expected service. If the perceived service travel below the expected service, customers are disappointed. If the perceived service e meets or exceeds their expectations, they are apt to use the provider again.Service provider need to identify the expectations of target customers concerning service qualities. Although greater service quality results in greater customer satisfaction, it also results in high costs. Still, investments in service usually pay off through increased customer retention and sales.5 determinants of service quality1. Reliability The ability to perform the promised service dependably and accurately.2. Responsiveness The willingness to help customers and to provide prompt service3. Assurance The knowledge and courtesy of employees and their ability to co nvey trust and confidence4. Empathy The provision of caring, individualized attention to the customer.5. Tangibles The appearance of physical facilities, equipment, personnel and communication materials.Even though the companies have invested heavily to develop streamlined andefficient service-delivery systems, problems will inevitably occur. However, even though the company cannot always prevent service problems, it can learn to rectify from them and good service recuperation can turn angry customers into loyal ones. In fact, good recovery can win more customers purchasing and loyal than if things had gone well in the first place. Therefore, companies should take steps not only to provide good service every time but also to recover from service mistakes when they do occur.The first step is to empower front-line service employees where authority, responsibility and incentives are given(p) to the employees that they need to recognize, care about and tend to customer needs.Studie s of well-managed service companies show that they share a number of common virtues regarding service quality. First they are customer obsessed. They have a distinctive strategy for pleasurable customer needs that wins enduring customer loyalty. Second, they have top management commitment to quality. Management such as Ritz-Carlton looks not only at financial performance but also at service performance. Third, the best service providers set high service quality standards. They dont settle for good service, they aim at 100% defect-free service. Forth, the top service firms watch service performance closely. Both their own and competitors.They use methods such as comparison-shopping, complaints from and etc. Fifth, the service companies replaced person-to-person service interactions to self-service technologies, e.g. self-pumping at gas stations. Even though not all self-service technologies improve service quality, they have the potential of making service proceedings more accurate , convenient and faster. Every company needs to think about how it might improve its services using SSTs,Sixth, excellent service companies know that positive employee attitudes will promote stronger customer loyalty. Service companies must attract the best employees they can find they need to market a career rather than just a job. They must design a sound training program and provide support and rewards for good performance. They can use intranet, internal newsletter, daily reminders and employee roundtables to reinforce customer-centeredattitudes. It is important to audit employee job-satisfaction regularly. However, a company must be careful in training its employees to be friendly.In additional, good service companies should communicate their concerns about service quality to employees and provide performance feedback.Managing Service ProductivityWith the rising costs, service firms are beneath pressure to increase productivity. They can do so in several ways.First the compan y can hire and foster more skilful workers through better selection and training.Second the service firms can also increase the quantity of their service by giving up some quality, e.g. doctors working fro some HMOs have moved towards handling more patients and giving less time to each patient.Third industrialize the Service by adding equipment and standardizing production. E.g. Macdonalds assembly-line approaches to fast food retailing, culminating in the technological hamburger.Fourth reduce or make obsolete the need for service by inventing a product solution. E.g. the wash-and-wear shirt reduced the need commercial laundries.Fifth the company can design a more effective service. E.g. The hiring of paralegal workers reduces the need for more expensive legal professionals.Sixth the company can present customers with incentives to substitute their own fag for company labor, E.g. banks have turned their customers into tellersSeventh the service provider can harness the power of technology. E.g. therapists can call up the information on hand-held computers, which pluck the data from a central computer. As a result, they can spend more timeworking directly with patients.However, companies must avoid force productivity so hard that quality is reduced. Some productivity steps help standardizes quality, increasing customer satisfaction but others might lead to over-standardization and can diminish customized service.Companies should also try to enhance the quality.