The relationships between the physical environment and economic activities are no longer important

Second life has its own settlements, inhabitants, firms, markets, geographics and economies. In January 2007, it even had its own political riot. What is significant ab break this? Well, its frugalal bodily function bears absolutely no relation to the carnal milieu. It is an entirely realistic(prenominal) world and, admittedly, a computer game tho the point remains. Their currency, the transactions, the network and the blemishes may occur in the games own currency but can be converted into real life US dollars. likewise read thisCheating in a Bottom Line frugal systemThis is 21st century sparingalalal operation as the science fictionalization authors imagined it, and fundament every last(predicate)y, is totally isolated from the forcible environment. This could certainly be the shape of things to come, as indications of it can be seen translated onto the non-virtual world. The tangible environment is consistently being switched by human beings military action in that respect is dwarfish requirement for corporally conducive circumstances for an battleground to be entered into the global capitalist deliverance. Anecdotally, there is a real snow slope in Dubai scotchal employment base rough winter sports is happening in the desert.Arguably, humans still can non conquer wilderness settlement in Japan is restricted to the coast and the abundant majority of mankind live close to coastal areas. Is this, however, more an discipline of tradition than ane of physical necessity? Certainly, conservative possibleness would insinuate that people draw their identities from tradition, which can take a shit substantial stinting implications. Las Vegas typifies the gifted lights depend of the USA yet having outgrown its aquifer it surely shouldnt exist. Where there are terrible economic incentives, the physical environment pales into very little.This has seriously implications in, for example, settlement patterns. inquiry of a pr e industrial city, much(prenominal) as Potosi, in Bolivia, demonstrates the importance of the descent in the midst of the physical environment and economic activity. These cities were centres of power, bringing together the crocked and politically powerful both underpinnings of economic activity with their servants and slaves in one large urban area, thus representing the beginnings of hierarchal economic systems that piss been replicated just about the world. This was the start of urbanisation, but what dictated the locations of these economic hubs?Read also transcription General Fund Operating Budget and Operating TransactionsThe physical environment, from which everything was derived and upon which everything relied. These new cities were focused on the exploitation of a raw strong such as coal or iron ore Catal Huyuk in turkey developed around volcanic glass, becoming one of the first economic centres. As these activities grew the industrial city emerged, bringing peo ple together in a work force and selling the products of their labour in a market system for the first time it was the physical environment providing the impulsion and the raw materials that enab guide both extended settlement and trade to occur. The human kinship could non have been more important.However, what is the postindustrial city tied to? Very little location of industry is no long-range tied to traditional centres that make collect to the physical environment. Footloose industries can be observed in the UK and new(prenominal) knowledge based economies. The sunrise strip around the M4 corridor and silicon marshland have non developed where they are be coiffe of an exceptionally good apparel of microchips. They are focused around centres of learning science parks addicted to the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, or important communication routes that link them into the global economy the M4, and important links to London.Read also Intro to Public Relation s NotesSimilarly, it is human economics that has saved those areas previously dependent on the physical environment. The decline of the mine industry in South Wales had a profound tint on the surrounding areas causing significant depression. This situation is being reversed with subsidies from the European Union an economic body that rose from a belief in the law of comparative advantage as opposed to the physical environment. The consanguinity here amongst the physical environment and economic activity appears about less significant than for pre industrial cities.If post industrial cities no longer rely on the physical environment for their economic activity, but pre industrial and industrial cities derive their location, habitation and economic activity from the physical environment of their surroundings, it could be argued that those nation states who have no undergone industrialisation have a greater reliance on the physical environment. Rio de Janeiro owes much of its gran deur and wealth to the physical environment many of the municipal buildings were built on the influx of wealth from the extraction of gold in the 18th and 19th centuries.Today, the area is the biggest extractor of petroleum in Brazil from off shore palm a position in continues to hold de malice the opening of markets due to its resource endowment. Conversely, it can also be the physical environment that dictates a very different course of economic events resource curse theory suggests that an endowment of a snap officular resource such as diamonds in many African nations can in fact lead to stinted economic activity as the economy develops in an unbalanced manner.The poor economic situation in these states would certainly suggest an important relationship between economic activity and the physical environment that must be unsounded for a solution to be reached. In a connatural vein, slightly cities have not been able to cope with the move away from a close relationship with the physical environment. Old industrial cities, such as Sheffield in the UK and Lille in France are characterised by loss of employment in the master(a) sectors, as mining and other physical environment heavy industries decline. there are often high levels of social deprivation and population loss from the inner city as out migration occurs. This illustrates that the relationship between the physical environment and economic activity is just as relevant directly as it was with the initial city forming influences in this case, the location of the cities, a physical factor, on the periphery of post industrial development has lead to economic depression and social deprivation. Furthermore, the observance of the growth of the postindustrial city from pre industrial times has been focused on the content regions of the UK, the USA and Japan.This conservative view of development theory assumes that all development ordain undergo similar courses, thus implying that the relationship be tween the physical environment and economic activity in LEDCs is more important than that in MEDCs. Structuralists, however, go out argue that this is not the case. The growth of these core regions has vast implications for the entire global economy based around human derivatives as opposed to physical factors. The periphery is, in essence, not affected by the physical constraints that some argue are the cause of its poerty.It is the economic actions of core elements of society that result in the economic situations in LEDCs. Studies that led to this dependency theory observed the actions of wealthy in Sao Paulo which had huge implications on the favela dwellers and the bungled labourers of Brazil this is translated on a global scale the economic activity that keeps the poorest sections of global society in that position is arguably the result of the actions of the core nations which they have had most to do with in the past.If this is the case, there is little relationship betwe en the physical environment and economic activity. In spite of all this, however, there is an undeniable economic impact when disaster strikes. The dramatic impact of the Asian tsunami is a clear illustration. The movement of the tectonic plates that in human activity triggered the tsunami could not have been predicated, although it has been argued that the quick pinpointing techniques could have provided greater notice of the wave. redden if this was the case, what of the impact to the settlements, the farmland and the tourist industry that it destroyed?The economic implications of this were huge raising the point that no matter how much humans effort to harness the physical environment in pursuit of economic incentives, what ab initio allowed the development of the global economy can just as good destroy it. The impact of natural disaster on economic activity is neither new nor restricted to LEDCs. Although the death count in LEDCS, such as the Kerala Earthquake, is usually higher than in MEDCs, the economic impact in MEDCs can be even more dramatic the Kobe Earthquake, or the make of Loma Preta ripping through San Francisco.Here, flights were disrupted when a runway ruptured, and damage to unornamented ways and bridges held up over one million commuters for over a month. The economy that these commuters were a part of may not have derived directly from the physical environment, but the disruption and thus cost caused by the physical environment was huge. Even those natural disasters we have warning of have significant impact. The Stern Report newly emphasised the huge economic cost of humour change to certain regions of the globe, which in an more and more globalised economy would have resounding effects around the globe. there is strong recount to the effect that the current warming is human induced, and even speculation that it will be global warming that proves to be Malthus final resource limit. As global temperatures increase, the Greenlan d ice sheet will melt. This introduction of fresh water system will reduce the salinity of the Gulf Stream as it goes northward and sinks, powering the global conveyor. If this ocean current is unable to sink, the global conveyor will cease to moderate climatic extremes around the globe.Whilst the UK may have handled this in the past during the Little Ice Age, in an economy dependent on roads, private cars and international travel, the economic disruption would be huge as the climate became colder. Limited snowfall has considerable economic impact today, making its potential impact huge. Economic activity itself, therefore, has reinforced the importance of the relationship between the physical environment and economic activity. Furthermore, given the attention paying(a) to climate change by governments, the press, and NGOs alike, the carbon duty stage business is increasingly significant.Carbon Exchange, a firm that manages both voluntary carbon trading schemes in the US and admi nisters the compulsory cap and trade system in the EU, has seen its share prices rocket to nearly i12 a share in recent months. Here, the impact of economic activity on the physical environment is freehanded rise to another round of economic activity. Carbon trading is big business and completely inseparable from the physical environment. Is this, rather than a Second Life virtual existence of economic activity more the shape of things to come?There are other such examples of considerable profits being derived from climate change concerns effectively we are reverting to a system whereby economic activity is the direct result of the physical environment. In conclusion, it would appear that the physical environment did much to shape the initial economic developments of core regions, such as the UK, the USA and Japan. It has imparted traditions that persist by way of settlement patterns and economic strengths. If this is the case, a simple division can be made MEDCs do not rely on t he physical environment for economic activity where LEDCs do.However, this model cannot be held paramount, as it appears not to be the case structuralist views point out the presence of highly developed and desperate poverty even inside the same city as a result of dependency, rather than economic development as a result of the physical environment. In spite of this, there exists an undeniable relationship between the physical environment and economic activity that applies to both LEDCs and MEDCs the impact of natural disaster.Furthermore, there is increasing economic emphasis surrounding climate change, particularly in MEDCs. Fundamentally, economic activity is an aspect of human activity. Humans are part of the biosphere, and in turn, part of the physical environment. Whilst we may not be as constrained by mountain ranges or climate extremes, as once was the case, it is doubtful there will ever be a situation where the relationship between the physical environment and economic ac tivity is totally irrelevant.